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The Immune SystemChickenpox Synonyms : Varicella Clinical features, Diagnosis, Management, Prognosis, Nutrition, Herbs, Chickenpox
is caused by the varicella-zoster
virus (herpes viruses group) which spreads by droplets from the upper
respiratory tract or from the discharge from ruptured lesions on the skin or
through contact with herpes zoster. Herpes zoster (shingles) is due to reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus which was dormant in sensory nerves ganglia usually of spinal nerves. Chickenpox is highly infectious and chiefly affects children under 10 years of age. Most children tolerate this disease well but, as often happens with viral infections, adults may develop a more severe illness. The incubation period is 14-21 days. Period of communicability is from a few days before onset of symptoms until all crops of vesicles have crusted. Clinical features: < BACK TO TOP >
The
first sign of the disease is often the rash that appears on the trunk and
spreads to involve the face and limbs; lesions also occur in the scalp, nose,
mouth, conjunctivae and vagina (ulcerated lesions develop on the mucous
membranes).
The
spots reach their maximum density upon the trunk, and are sparser on the
periphery of the limbs.
Macules
appear first and within a few hours the lesions become papular
and then vesicular and, within
24 hours, pustular
(pimple-like).
Damage
from scratching is frequent, since itching may be troublesome.
Whether
or not the pustules rupture, they dry up in a few days to form scabs. The spots appear in crops, so that lesions at all stages of development are seen in any area at the same time. Diagnosis: < BACK TO TOP >
Clinical
picture, once developed, is very characteristic and is usually sufficient for
diagnosis.
The
virus may be identified by fluorescent antibody staining of a lesion smear. A rise in antibody titre against the virus can be demonstrated. Management < BACK TO TOP >
No
treatment is required in the majority of patients.
Oral
acyclovir [Zovirax] can be used in immunocompromised.
A
local antiseptic is useful for secondary skin infection. Complications:
They
can be very serious in immunosuppressed patients, even life threatening
(e.g., pneumonia, myocarditis).
Encephalitis
occurs in 1/1,000 cases and usually ends in complete recovery. Secondary bacterial infection of the skin (e.g., erysipelas, impetigo) may be seen. Prognosis < BACK TO TOP >
Nutrition < BACK TO TOP > Nutrition that alleviate or prevent Chickenpox :- Herbs < BACK TO TOP > Herbs that alleviate or prevent Chickenpox :- (source : -) |
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